Islam

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Islam


Introduction

Islam, a major world religion, founded in Arabia and based on the teachings of Muhammad, who is called the Prophet. One who practices Islam is a Muslim. A Muslim follows the Koran, the written revelation brought by Muhammad. The Muslim world population is estimated at more than 1 billion. Islam has flourished in diverse regions, particularly in Africa, the Middle East, and sections of Asia and Europe.

History

In Muhammad's time (570?-632), the Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by nomadic Bedouins and city-dwelling Arabs. The religion of the Arabs was polytheistic and idolatrous. Muhammad began his ministry at the age of 40, when, he claimed, the archangel Gabriel appeared to him in a vision. At first Muhammad confided his visions only to his family and close friends. After four years he began to preach openly in his native city of Mecca. Ridiculed by the Meccans, he went in 622 to Medina. It is from this event, the Hegira, that the Islamic calendar is dated. Increasingly, Arab tribes declared their allegiance to Muhammad. At his death in 632, Muhammad was the leader of an Arab state growing rapidly in power.

Islam and Society

Islamic social philosophy is based on the belief that all spheres of life form an indivisible unity that must be thoroughly imbued with Islamic values. This does not imply clerical rule, although religious authorities have had considerable political influence in some Muslim societies. Islamic law, called the Sharia, spells out the moral goals of the community. In Islamic society, therefore, the term law has a wider significance than it does in the modern secular West. Because Islamic law includes both legal and moral imperatives, not all Islamic law can be stated as formal legal rules and much of it depends on conscience alone. The term jihad, usually translated "holy war," designates the struggle toward the Islamic goal of "reforming the earth," which may include the use of armed force if necessary. The purpose of jihad is not territorial expansion or forcible conversion, but the assumption of political power in order to implement the principles of Islam through public institutions.

Vocabulary Choices
1. 622 A.D. 6. prayer rug
2. Kaaba 7. pray 5 times a day
3. Medina 8. Muhammad
4. Mecca 9. Muslims
5. Koran
10. submission to God


Write the vocabulary word or words for each definition in the blank provided. Remember that spelling counts!

1. What are the followers of Islam called?
2. A duty of each Muslim.
3. Name of the Islamic holy book.
4. The city to which Muhammad fled.
5. The year many people think Islam began
6. What does the word "Islam" mean?
7. Who founded the Islamic religion.
8. Muslims use this to pray in unclean places.
9. The city where an angel visited Muhammad.
10. Holiest of all islamic shrines.

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